在北傳佛教裏,我們常常會聽到這個菩薩、那個菩薩,哪究竟菩薩指的是什麽呢?
菩提(bodhi,覺悟)是指四個道智11(maggañāṇa)。一切知智12(sabbaññutañāṇa)可以有或沒有跟它一同生起。
菩提有三種:
(1) 三藐三菩提或圓滿自覺(sammāsambodhi):此菩提是四道智連同一切知智。在此,圓滿自覺者沒有依靠導師,而是自己證得徹知四聖諦13的四個道智。除了能斷除內心的煩惱之外,它也能斷除過去世的習氣(vāsanā)。一切知是明瞭一切值得了解之事。
(2) 辟支菩提(paccekabodhi):此菩提是指無師自通地證得徹知四聖諦的四個道智。
(3) 聲聞菩提或弟子菩提(sāvakabodhi):此菩提是指必需依靠導師(佛陀)的幫助才能證得徹知四聖諦的四個道智。
有很強烈的善欲想要證得三藐三菩提者是三藐三菩薩(sammāsambodhisatta),即「未來圓滿佛」。
有很強烈的善欲想要證得辟支菩提者是辟支菩薩(paccekabodhisatta),即「未來辟支佛」。
有很強烈善欲想要證得弟子菩提者是聲聞菩薩(sāvaka-bodhisatta),即「未來弟子」。 (南傳菩薩道)
而我們一般指的菩薩,就是未來佛
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注釋:
11 導向滅苦之道即是組成四聖諦中最後一諦的八正道。八正道是(1)正見(sammādiṭṭhi)、(2)正思惟(sammāsaṅkappa,正志)、(3)正語(sammāvācā)、(4)正業(sammākammanta)、(5)正命(sammā-ājīva)、(6)正精進(sammāvāyāma)、(7)正念(sammāsati)和(8)正定(sammāsamādhi)。首兩個是屬於慧學,3 至5 是屬於戒學,後三個是屬於定學。
12 具備一切知智( sabbaññutañāṇa ) 的人是為一切知者(sabbaññū)。佛陀是一切知者,這並非說佛陀「知道」一切事,而是若他有意的話,他「可以」知道任何一件事。
13 四聖諦是苦諦( dukkhasacca) 、集諦( dukkhasamudayasacca)、滅諦(dukkha-nirodha 滅苦)與道諦(dukkha-nirodhagāminīpaṭipadā,
趣向滅苦之道)。
隆波間夏曾說:‘消除自我, 波羅蜜就會大大提升起來,戒定慧就會圓滿, 不會有什麼問題 ’
菩薩行者必須把自我去除,不要覺得自己有絲毫重要性和特別。
因為這的確是事實。
隆波敦曾說:‘現在有比我們在夜空中看到的星星還要多的菩薩正堅定地走在成佛之道上’
據義註所記載,每當佛陀顯現雙神變智時, 現場幾乎人人都發願要成佛的。
只要我們這一刻發願想要成佛,我們當下立即就成為菩薩了。
在北傳佛教,人人都是菩薩,人人都想成佛。
如果我們不成佛,數以億萬計的菩薩將立即取代我們,渡化我們本該渡化的眾生呢
如果考慮到這些事實,而我們不感到悲傷和自卑,那表示我們已消除自我到一定程度了。
本著這麼無私的心,只是單純為了眾生的福祉而走下去,就很大機會會成功。
如果還很自私,就很大機會會在未來放棄。因為遲早我們都要面對以上所說的事實的。
當我們意識到自己不是那麼特別後,就會放棄。
Luang Por Ganha said, "By eliminating the self, the paramitas will greatly increase, and morality, stillness, and wisdom will be perfected; there will be no problems."
Bodhisattva practitioners must remove the self and not consider themselves to be of any importance or specialness.
This is indeed the truth.
Luang Por Dune once said, "Right now, there are more Bodhisattvas firmly walking the path to Buddhahood than the stars we see in the night sky."
According to the commentary, whenever the Buddha displayed the twin miraculous powers, nearly everyone present vowed to become a Buddha.
As long as we vow to become a Buddha in this moment, we immediately become Bodhisattvas.
In mahayana Buddhism, everyone is a Bodhisattva, everyone wishes to become a Buddha.
If we do not become Buddhas, countless Bodhisattvas will immediately take our place and guide the sentient beings we should have guided.
If we consider these facts and do not feel sad or inferior, it indicates that we have eliminated the self to a certain extent.
With such a selfless heart, simply walking for the welfare of sentient beings, there is a great chance of success.
If we are still very selfish, there is a high likelihood that we will give up in the future, as we will eventually have to confront the realities mentioned above.
When we realize we are not that special, we will give up.
菩薩行者欲要成功,必須要去除自我
就如隆波間夏所說:‘消除自我, 波羅蜜就會大大提升起來,戒定慧就會圓滿, 不會有什麼問題 ’
消除自我就是在累積波羅蜜時,不要想著自己,而是要把重心放到眾生身上
如果我們幫人是為了把波羅蜜拿給自己,把波羅蜜當成是‘我的’ , 這仍是在迎合自我;而且不會受到別人的尊重的
假如我們把‘自我’空掉,單純只是為了去除自己的自私心、 幫助世人、 幫助佛教;以慈悲和公正的心作為基礎,在當下做最應做的事情、 在當下幫最值得幫的對象
那麼雖然我們沒有想到要累積波羅蜜,但波羅蜜反而能夠大大地提升起來,以最短的時間累積最多的波羅蜜。
這是因為在行善的過程之中,沒有滲入不善業。無私的心比自私的心更加具足戒定慧,更加集中。
做同一件事情,所能累積到的善業和波羅蜜反而是最多的。
Bodhisattva practitioners who wish to succeed , must eliminate the self.
As Luang Por Ganha said, "By eliminating the self, the paramitas will greatly increase, and morality, stillness, and wisdom will be perfected; there will be no problems."
Eliminating the self means that when accumulating paramitas, one should not think of oneself but rather focus on sentient beings.
If we help others to gain paramitas for ourselves, treating the paramitas as "mine," we are still catering to the self and will not receive respect from others.
If we empty the "self" and purely seek to remove our selfishness, helping the world and Buddhism, with compassion and fairness as the foundation, doing what needs to be done in the moment and helping those who are most deserving,
then although we do not think about accumulating paramitas, they will actually increase greatly, allowing us to accumulate the most paramitas in the shortest time.
This is because, in the process of doing good, there is no infiltration of unwholesome deeds. A selfless heart is richer in morality, stillness, and wisdom, and is more focused.
In doing the same thing, the amount of good kamma and paramitas accumulated will be the greatest.
The Buddha once said in SN 56 that the number of virtuous and non-virtuous people is like the dirt on the tip of a finger compared to the dirt of the earth.
It's quite frightening, isn't it? 😂 But don’t be afraid, because we might also be part of the earth. 😂
However, bodhisattvas do not think like us.
For bodhisattvas, this is indeed good news.
If everyone were free from defilements, there would be no need for anyone to provide guidance and help. How could they help others and perfect their paramitas?
If no one ever harmed others, how would there be opportunities for them to practice keeping precepts and meditation?
Bodhisattvas will only become braver and stronger with each lifetime.
佛陀在SN56 曾說,那些有美德和沒美德的人的數量;就如指尖上的泥土和大地的泥土相比
很可怕,對嗎? 不要怕,因為可能我們自己也是大地的一員
但菩薩不會像我們這樣想的。 對於菩薩,簡直是佳音。
如果所有人都沒有煩惱,根本不需要人去開解和幫助,又怎有機會給自己幫助他們,圓滿波羅蜜呢?
如果所有人都不會傷害別人;又怎有機會給人傷害然後修習持戒和禪修呢?
菩薩們生生世世只會越戰越勇
如果我們想成佛,
這條路非常難走
為什麼?
內心要足夠無私才能走上菩薩道,不然幾乎注定會失敗和退轉
如果帶著很強烈的私心:
想要權勢,想要許多人崇拜,想要一切的知識,想要出名
內心一旦背負著沉重的自我,將會生生世世都很痛苦,因為煩惱非常厚重
唯有把自我削弱,空掉自我,不為自己,只是慈悲為了他人
無論做什麼,都不會背負著沉重的自我,沉重的壓力
就算遇到天大的挫折,也不會過於痛苦,會勇於堅持下去
如果偏向無私,那麼生生世世都會偏向快樂
一旦充滿快樂,就容易走下去,不會退轉
而怎樣達到無私?
只是智慧而已,看見身心中沒有一個自我;看見自私所帶來的痛苦和過患,無私帶來的快樂和好處;就會敢於把‘自我’ 放下
If we want to attain Buddhahood,
the path is very difficult to walk.
Why?
Our hearts must be sufficiently selfless to walk the Bodhisattva path; otherwise, we are almost destined to fail and regress.
If we carry strong selfish desires:
wanting power, wanting many people to worship us, wanting all knowledge, wanting fame,
once the heart is burdened with a heavy ego, we will suffer greatly for countless lifetimes due to thick defilements.
Only by weakening the self, emptying the ego, and acting with loving kindness and compassion for others—
regardless of what we do, we won't bear the weight of a heavy self or pressure.
Even when facing huge setbacks, we won't suffer too much and will bravely persist.
If we lean toward selflessness, then we will incline toward happiness in every lifetime.
Once filled with joy, it becomes easier to progress and we won't regress.
And how do we achieve selflessness?
It’s simply wisdom—seeing that there is no self within the body and mind; recognizing the pain and drawbacks brought by selfishness and the joy and benefits that come from selflessness; we will then dare to let go of the 'self.'
“这条道路需要耐心,要走上成佛之道,首先要清楚地审视自己的内心。我们为什么想要成佛?
有些人是因为想要权势,这样的人不会成功。
有些人想出名,想要名声,这样的人也不会成功。
有些人想要获得更多的知识,但遇到痛苦时,他们会退缩,也不会成功。
如果我们审视自己的内心,如果我们是怀着慈悲心走上成佛之道的,当我们看到别人或动物在受苦,我们的心里想着要去帮助他们,希望他们能够摆脱痛苦和困扰。
如果有这种慈悲心,走成佛之道就有可能成功。
但如果是因为想要获得大量的知识,想了解整个世界、整个宇宙,这只是为了满足自己,这样是不会成功的。
想要权势,想要名声,想成为被人崇拜的佛陀,这些都是为了自己,也不会成功。
只有为了慈悲心而做,带着慈悲心去做,才有可能成功。
审视自己的内心,对自己要诚实,然后再作出决定。
走上成佛之道不是错,反而是好事。能够走上这条道路的人,必须勇敢、耐心、无私。
隆普敦曾告诉隆波,隆波亲耳听到的。
他说:‘现在有比我们在夜空中看到的星星还要多的菩萨正坚定地走在成佛之道上。’很多,但并不是每个人都得排队,谁的功德圆满,谁就能先到达。”
——隆波帕默
2024年6月15日
Judge翻译泰语