Justice 公正

孔子說：‘君子喻於義 小人喻於利’

意思是善人會懂得是非對錯的道義，小人懂得的只是利益

中國古代有一個故事，就是秦代的一位名臣趙高想要謀反，但唯恐群臣阻礙；於是想試一試他們。

有一天，趙高趁群臣朝拜秦二世時，讓人牽來一隻鹿獻給秦二世，說：“這是一匹千里馬，我特意敬獻給陛下。”

秦二世左看右看，這明明是一隻鹿，趙高怎麼說是馬呢？便笑著說：“丞相弄錯了吧？這是一隻鹿，怎麼說是馬呢？”

趙高沒有理會胡亥的話，一本正經地厲聲問左右的大臣們：“你們說說，這到底是鹿還是馬？”

大臣們有的懼怕趙高的權勢，不敢做聲；有的為了討好趙高，就阿奉承地說；「丞相說得對，這肯定是馬，前些年我還養過這樣的馬呢！」也有的大臣所言不違背自己的良心，直言不諱地說：「是馬，不是鹿！」。

趙高認為說實話的人，是不甘心屈從他的指揮的，就給他們強加上種種罪名或被趕出朝廷，或被殺害。

那些阿諛奉承的人就是小人

那些直言不瑋或保持沉默不說謊的人是善人，因為他們的有戒，同時保持公正。

公正是怎麼樣的美德呢？

根據阿比達摩，每一顆善心都一定有中捨性心所。

中捨性心所就是不分別偏袒地對待一切有情，平等不執著地對待他們。簡而言之就是公正。

不會因為對方是權臣而就倒亂是非對錯，不會偏袒。

是對就是對，是錯就是錯

這也是美德之一

Confucius said: "The gentleman understands righteousness, while the petty person understands profit."

This means that good people comprehend the moral principles of right and wrong, while petty people only consider his own benefits.

There is an ancient story in China about a renowned minister during the Qin dynasty named Zhao Gao, who wanted to rebel but feared that his fellow ministers would obstruct him; thus, he decided to test them.

One day, while the ministers were paying homage to the Second Emperor of Qin, Zhao Gao had a deer brought forth and presented it to the emperor, saying, "This is a fine steed, and I specially offer it to Your Majesty."

The Second Emperor looked left and right; it was clearly a deer. How could Zhao Gao claim it was a horse? He laughed and said, "Chancellor, you must be mistaken. This is a deer; how can you say it is a horse?"

Zhao Gao ignored Hu Hai’s words and solemnly asked the ministers around him, "Tell me, is this a deer or a horse?"

Some ministers, fearing Zhao Gao's power, dared not speak; others, wanting to flatter him, said, "The Chancellor is right; this must be a horse. A few years ago, I even raised one like this!" There were also ministers who, not betraying their conscience, bluntly stated, "It is a horse, not a deer!"

Zhao Gao believed that those who spoke the truth were unwilling to submit to his command, so he imposed various charges against them, leading to their expulsion from the court or even their execution.

Those who flattered him were the petty people. Those who spoke frankly or remained silent without lying were the good people, as they upheld their precepts and maintained justice.

What kind of virtue is justice? According to the Abhidhamma, every wholesome mind must possess equanimity/ neutrality  (Tatramajjhattatā ). Equanimity means treating all beings without bias or favoritism, treating them equally and without attachment. In short, it is justice.

People with justice will not waver due to the other person's power; it will not be biased. Right is right, and wrong is wrong. This is also one of the virtues.

一個決策者，務必保持公正的心

公正的心將看見自己和別人的真正利益

利益自他

如此公正的決策者自然能得到所有人的尊重

怎樣可以成就公正的心？

就是去除內心的貪嗔癡。因為佛陀曾說，清淨的心將能看清自己和他人的利益（AN1.46)

Ajahn Golf 曾說，人都因四種原因而偏心：

1.貪 2.嗔 3.愚癡 4.害怕

別人可以向我們威迫利誘，激起我們的貪、 嗔、 癡和恐懼，蒙蔽我們的智慧和決策的公允

世俗的人可以用名譽、 地位、 權力、 財富、 便宜、 美女、來威迫利誘我們

有些人執著朋友、 親人、 感情，而被利用

佛教裡，他們可以用功德、 和大師父出行的機會、 親近大師父的機會來威迫利誘我們

也可以煽動我們的仇恨、 妒忌、 吝嗇之心

因此，一個人如果想要成為賢明的決策者，務必保持內心的清淨

無論行什麼事都不能為了自己的私利

絕不能發怒

要盡可能地獲取最多的資訊，去除自己的愚蠢. 也禪修去減少自心的散亂

去除‘自我’ 以克服任何恐懼

如此精明的決策者將戰無不勝，所向披靡！

A decision-maker must maintain a just mind.

A just mind will see the true interests of oneself and others.
With this understanding, a just decision-maker naturally earns the respect of everyone.

How can one achieve a just mind?
 

By eliminating greed, hatred, and ignorance from within. 

As the Buddha said, a pure mind can clearly see the interests of oneself and others (AN1.46).

Ajahn Golf once said that people are biased for four reasons:

1. Greed

2. Hatred

3. Ignorance

4. Fear

Others can use coercion or temptation to provoke our greed, hatred, ignorance, and fear, blinding our wisdom and fairness in decision-making.

Worldly people can use reputation, status, power, wealth, advantage, and beauty to coerce or tempt us.

Some become attached to friends, relatives, and relationships, and are then exploited.
 

In Buddhism, they may use merit, opportunities to accompany the master, or chances to get close to the master to coerce or tempt us.

They can also incite our hatred, jealousy, and stinginess.

Therefore, if one wishes to be a wise decision-maker, it is essential to maintain inner purity.

In all circumstances, one must not act for personal gain.
One must never become angry.
Gather as much information as possible and eliminate one's ignorance. Also meditate to reduce restlessness in mind.
Remove the 'self' to overcome any fear.

Such a shrewd decision-maker will be invincible and unstoppable!