《臨終關懷》
大家要趕快確立四不壞凈
如果誰有四不壞凈,佛陀保證大家不會下惡道(SN55)
1.對佛陀的覺悟有不壞信心--佛陀已經根除一切精神上的痛苦
2.對佛法有不壞信心:四聖諦
渴愛是痛苦的原因
渴愛的止息是痛苦的止息
導向痛苦止息之道是八聖道
3.對僧有不壞信心--除了佛陀以外,他的追隨者也根除了部份或一切精神上的痛苦
4.具備圓滿的五戒(AN5.179)
然後,當具備這四不壞凈的佛教徒快要死時,我們就可以安慰他:放心啦!您不再會下惡道的了啊!您肯定會在未來證悟涅槃的啊!
之後,
1.就問他有否牽掛父母?假如有的話就說,您快要死了。牽掛父母會死、不牽掛也會死,假如您能捨斷對父母的牽挂那就好了!
2.問他有否牽掛妻兒?假如有的話就說,您快要死了。牽掛妻兒會死、不牽掛也會死,假如您能捨斷對妻兒的牽挂那就好了!
3.問他有沒有期待人類的感官欲樂?如果有便勸導他,說天界的感官欲樂比人間更好,叫他把心志向於四大天王天。
4.引導他把心志向於三十三天。
5.引導他把心志向於夜摩天
6.引導他把心志向於兜率天
7.引導他把心志向於化樂天
8.引導他把心志向於他化自在天
9.引導他把心志向於梵天界
10. 因為梵天世界也是無常的、不穩定的,所以應志向於涅槃(身心相繼過程的完全熄滅、止息)
佛陀說,成爲阿羅漢的在家人和比丘阿羅漢的解脫沒有任何差別。
但首先,大家要先有這四不壞凈。
很簡單而已,不用禪修也行、不用證悟道果。只需要對三寶有不壞的信心,戒好且穩固,就行了。
誰支持這個看法?Luang ta siri 也是這樣說的,之不過他的標準更高,要五戒+十善業。佛陀的最低標準是五戒就行了
**End-of-Life Care**
Everyone should quickly establish the four unshakable confidences.
If anyone possesses these four factors of stream-entry, the Buddha guarantees that they will not be reborn in the lower realms (SN 55).
1. Unshakable confidence in the Buddha's Awakening—that the Buddha has eradicated all mental suffering.
2. Unshakable confidence in the Dhamma: the Four Noble Truths.
- Craving is the cause of suffering.
- The cessation of craving is the cessation of suffering.
- The path leading to the cessation of suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path.
3. Unshakable confidence in the Saṅgha—that apart from the Buddha, his disciples have also eradicated part or all of mental suffering.
4. Possession of the five precepts in their full perfection (AN 5.179).
Then, when a Buddhist who possesses these four unshakable confidence is nearing death, we can comfort them: "Rest assured! You will no longer be reborn in the lower realms! You will definitely realize Nibbāna in the future!"
After that:
1. Ask them whether they are worried about their parents. If so, say: "You are about to die. Whether you worry about your parents or not, you will still die. It would be good if you could let go of your attachment to your parents."
2. Ask them whether they are worried about their spouse and children. If so, say: "You are about to die. Whether you worry about your spouse and children or not, you will still die. It would be good if you could let go of your attachment to your spouse and children."
3. Ask them whether they have any longing for human sensual pleasures. If so, advise them that the sensual pleasures of the heavenly realms are far superior to those of the human world, and encourage them to direct their mind toward the realm of the Four Great Kings (Cātumahārājika Devas).
4. Guide them to direct their mind toward the realm of the Thirty-Three Devas (Tāvatiṃsa).
5. Guide them to direct their mind toward the Yāma Heaven.
6. Guide them to direct their mind toward the Tusita Heaven.
7. Guide them to direct their mind toward the Nimmānarati Heaven (the devas who delight in their own creations).
8. Guide them to direct their mind toward the Paranimmita-vasavatti Heaven (the devas who wield power over others' creations).
9. Guide them to direct their mind toward the Brahma realm.
10. Because even the Brahma realm is impermanent and unstable, they should direct their mind toward Nibbāna (the complete cessation and extinguishing of the continued process of mind and body).
The Buddha said that there is no difference in liberation between a layperson who becomes an Arahant and a monastic Arahant.
But first, one must have these four unshakable confidence. It is very simple—meditation is not required, nor is realization of the path and fruition. One only needs unshakable confidence in the Triple Gem, and good, stable precepts. That is sufficient.
Who supports this view? Luang Ta Siri also teaches this, though his standard is higher—he requires the five precepts plus the ten wholesome courses of action. The Buddha's minimum standard is simply the five precepts.